I understand that in order for an object to maintain circular motion, its velocity vector must be travelling perpendicular to its position vector and constantly changing inwards, hence an acceleration towards the center of the circle. I know that the acceleration towards the center is typically caused by other forces, like tension on a string, and that these are called centripetal forces I believe? However, objects in circular motion tend to want to be away from the center instead of towards. A bucket of water tied to a string and twirled around in a circle will result in the water staying in the bucket: if the water is exhibiting circular motion, would it not thusly be accelerating inward, and thus escaping the bucket? I’ve heard that it’s a difference of frame of reference, but even looking from out to in, I can’t see how the water would be accelerating inward and yet remain in the bucket without support. Would there not be some force pushing the water into the bucket? And yet, centrifugal force is considered a fictitious force. I don’t understand. I know I understand some level of physics but please explain it like I’m 5 because I can’t seem to actually understand this.
That’s fair. The reason it seems to stick to the bottom is because it is the bottom of the bucket causing the change in direction. Kinda confusing right?
There is an outward force, as the bottom of the bucket pushes the water to have it change direction, the water does push on the bucket in the opposite direction (3rd law). But, this is not a “centrifugal force” which describes a force pushing the water outward. To reword, the water is making a force against the bucket in response to the bucket’s force on the water, but that force is soley generated by and in response to that interaction. Ironically, this might be easier to visualize with a satellite in orbit and gravity. Gravity is pulling the object toward Earth, that’s easy to understand. But, the object is also moving laterally around Earth, so it sorta is kinda in a state of constantly falling (centripetal force) and missing. Same with the water, but it’s the bucket pushing and not gravity pulling.
This might raise the question: Why does the bucket need walls to keep the water in?
First, to get the bucket in motion, starting from rest, you do need to increase and maintain it’s speed, and same with the water in it, that force is a different force to the centripetal force (though in this case the same source being your arm). On the gravitron the force to speed you up is friction which exists due to the normal force caused by the centripetal force itself. And in space it’d be like booster engines or smthn idk. Second, there is air in the way on Earth.
I hope that helps.