Solar irradiance above the atmosphere (i.e., in orbit) is 1360 W/m^2. At ground level, it’s 1120, so a loss of ~18% due to the atmosphere.
If transmission losses plus the massive costs of launch, keeping the panels cool (no conduction/convection in space), and maintenance add up to greater than 18%, it’s more efficient on the ground.
Solar irradiance above the atmosphere (i.e., in orbit) is 1360 W/m^2. At ground level, it’s 1120, so a loss of ~18% due to the atmosphere.
If transmission losses plus the massive costs of launch, keeping the panels cool (no conduction/convection in space), and maintenance add up to greater than 18%, it’s more efficient on the ground.