A web server is just any software that can be accessed with web network protocols. This can look like a lot of things. If you have Python installed you can start a web server right now by running python -m http.server. localhost:8000 in a browset would then let you browse files via the (local) web.

What kind of server do you want to run?

The idea of a “free market” is an invention of capitalism in the last few hundred years. Laissez-faire was coined by French businessmen in the late 1600s.

Most of the Roman low and medium skill artisans were slaves, actually.

But capitalism is best recognized by the proliferation of commodities, as it is made up of various wage labor capitalist enterprises producing large quantities of fungible goods for market. A chair is a chair is a chair and you can buy 50 varieties of basically the same thing at the furniture store. Under capitalism, all economic life is governed by this: you work a wage labor job and you buy everything else (commodities made by other wage laborers).

Rome did not have such a system. A vastly larger proportion of goods were made at home by oneself or by servants or by slaves. When goods were purchased they would have mostly been produced by slaves or petty bourgeois artisans or apprentices. Wage laborers still existed, but they were not typical.

An important part of Marxist analysis is to focus on the shift from quantitative to qualitative in social development. The high proportion of wage laborers is something that typefies capitalism, but wage laborers have existed for a long time. At some point there was a watershed moment - or watershed many decades - where the material forces that increased this proportion crossed various thresholds to create a new ruling class that became dominant and started throwing their weight around (capitalists). The capitalist class was in no way dominant in Rome.

Capitalism is not about individuals being greedy. Calling capitalists greedy is like calling fish greedy for needing water. The capitalist system requires constant profit maximization to prevent firms from crumbling, the capitalists are tasked with ensuring this, generally by (at first) maximizing exchange value of their product and minimizing costs (usually labor), then later using monopoly position to charge economic rent. In the heart of empire, financialization has meant trying to skip the first step via large financial investment up front, like with tech monopolies. The system itself forces exploitation, dispossession, colonialism, and ultimately crisis and war.

Historical empires conquered for reasons we often don’t really know specifically, as the accounts we have are written by victors with limited access and understanding. But ancient peoples were just as sophisticated as us and subject to material forces as us, so it was certainly not just being greedy. The economic base can force hands, for example. The Roman slave and debt system was unsustainable and required debt jubilees and war and invasions to be maintained, for example. For the ruling class of Rome, was maintaining the empire only greed or was it what they were taught to do as the moral and right thing?

The mode of production is never human nature. Human nature is a factor, but the mode of production is something that is socially constructed and subject to material constraints, like tools and the environment in which people live.

But socializing and sharing empathy is virtually universal, and the impetus to share food or shelter or community is something that capitalist society teaches us to avoid. So one of the things we strive for through the abolition of capitalism is the restoration of human connections and care that are currently robbed from us. So I can totally see where you are coming from re: the extent to which the communism we want to build constitutes a return. But it is even more a step forward, a transformation into the future constructed from the bones of the present.

Re: what Marx called “primitive communism”, which we might better call egalitarian societies based on hunting and gathering and sometimes agriculture, such societies have actually existed everywhere people have lived. You can find clear historical examples of such societies in the Americas and Australia, yes, but also in the Middle East, Ukraine, Great Britain, Ethiopia, Pakistan/India, China, etc. As you mention, any of these societies did not have written records or they were lost, but we can understand how they lived based on their homes, food, tools, dress, cohabitation, and spatial distribution of all these things.

Iirc it would be more accurate to say the crowd apprehended Jackson. He nearly beat the guy to death with his cane and the crowd had to stop him.

Nope. Jackson was old and feeble and required someone to walk him to and from the funeral. The crowd, including Davey Crockett, restrained the assassin, who was found not guilty because he had incredible delusions. Jackson himself, old and confused, immediately claimed it was the political opposition come to get him and waved his walking stick around trying to hit the already-subdued man.

Jackson was a cruel racist settler colonist who only punched down. He was not personally particularly physically threatening and most of his “deeds” were done after age 45. The idea that Jackson was at all physically imposing is just Americans making things up because they have no respectable history. And those myths became rumors and common knowledge and then get repeated with veneration - e.g. I would suspect your knowledge of the cheese wheel comes, in some way or another, from a West Wing episode.

Hell yeah. Marg bar Amrika.

All of them

The guy whose two guns misfired and who was actually apprehended by a huge crowd?

lmao Jackson wasn’t some kind of Uebermensch. He was abusive because his position protected him. A bullet isn’t going to glance off his iron jaw or something.

And he won’t get dumped on by the GOP because I will be gleefully shooting him in the head a few minutes into his reexistence.

Andrew Jackson would probably be happy that the US genocide of indigenous people was so extensive and the country was so large. And upset at how many people living there semi-equally weren’t white.

He’d think those things for the few minutes before I shot him.

Consent of the governed exists basically nowhere, including so-called liberal democracies. There is no “do you consent to this government?” question that results in a major change if you or even a majority say no. All are subject to an oppressive state, the only question re: consent is whether you want that state organized for or against the ruling class.

I’ll pay more to avoid Made in the USA

Sorry that was a typo, it was supposed to say Nazi. Here’s a UA propaganda outlet describing the reorg: https://www.kyivpost.com/post/51054

UA has integrated neo-Nazis into the upper levels of their military and seem to make decisions based on their ideas. They have increased funding for groups like Azov, who have been running little Hitler Youth camps for years, and have recently integrated them into a larger and more powerful Nazi force.

Of course. Our precious political class has delicate sensibilities and nedds time for self-care.

Oh and Dem voters, no need to join organizations or take direct action. Just sit around being a little stressed out and blaming everyone else is plenty. You did your part! If you must do something, go to a one-off police escorted protest with no feasible demands or threats to do anything that would ever exert pressure.

Here is a complete list of my crimes and home address:

Whoever is ultimately responsible for this needs to be thrown in a locker.

It also still almost worked. This is how subservient and propagandized the US political electorate is. The idea of supporting mass murdering children was only a dealbreaker for a small minority, but enough to do most of the work in tipping the scales.

Kamala probably would’ve won with false promises to end “the war”, some token Arab speakers, and “I see you and hear you” pandering.

The capitalist party that writes its own rules and does not adopt literally any positions via bottom-up mechanism? No, nobody can take it over except other capitalists. So in a sense you are correct, as US progressives are still fundamentally of the political ideology of capitalism.

The party works against you but, ironically, convinces you to help it for your own and others’ interests. Instead, we must work together against capital if we want liberation and justice.