“Disease usually results from inconclusive negotiations for symbiosis, an overstepping of the line by one side or the other, a biological misinterpretation of the borders.”
— Lewis Thomas
Eyedea & Abilities always came with some of the best and most creative hip-hop. Their entire album E & A is next level with all the aspects you referenced. I love track #2, Now: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZVkW-HtSgA&t=9
Virulence is defined as causing damage to the host. If the virus kills everyone in that small proximity, the virus will no longer be able to reproduce or spread, plain and simple.
Viruses are super crafty in obtaining their limited number of proteins from the host. However, some viruses bring enzymes with them to get the job done without much help from the host. These are typically larger RNA viruses. Influenza is in this group, but it still steals the 5’ cap from the host. This happens without miss as it’s able to interact with the host RNA polymerase undetected and then this cap makes it so the influenza RNA appears to be host RNA.
The 1918 influenza was so deadly as it had just jumped to a new host, humans. The same exact influenza responsible for the 1918 pandemic has relatives still in circulation. It’s not in circulation as the less virulent versions were more successful. This explicitly demonstrates the preference to be less virulent.
If a virus doesn’t need many proteins from the host, it’s able to reproduce much more quickly than one dependant on more host resources. The more resources it needs, the increased ability of the immune system to prevent it’s reproduction. So in many situations, a lower requirement for host resources can make it more successful. Regardless, it can be very dependent on host resources, like many DNA viruses, and still not be very virulent. A great example of this is Hepatitis D. Virology is a fascinating field and it’s highly intricate as a virus is more like it’s host than any other viruses. There’s not a lot of commonality between different viruses and their reproduction cycles. So viruses in the same family are compared, and the 1918 becoming less virulent shows there’s a preference for becoming less virulent over time.
Then why does bird flu have more invasive symptoms and a higher mortality rate compared to human influenza’s? I was taught by a virologist who’s been around the block many times and got her PhD in the USSR. She was adamant that a parasite never wants to kill it’s host, as this results in no longer being able to reproduce in the host and shortens it’s reproduction time in future host.
Most viral offspring are not capable of infection, as without mutations, viruses would not be able to reproduce effectively and could not adapt to changing environments. To disprove a hypothesis simply means one aspect of the statement is incorrect. So while the cause and effect occurs, the explanation for why wasn’t dialed. Or at least, this would be my guess for how it could have been disproven.
We’ve known since at least March that about 10 human cases of this new bird flu would allow the virus to mutate and adapt to humans. This is the 14th reported case in the states this year, and the first which could have been transmitted from human to human. We understood what was happening, yet have really done nothing to try to prevent it’s spread.
The mutation rate baked into Influenza’s reproduction cycle is much more elaborate than coronaviruses, and this isn’t exactly a bad thing. When a human catches bird flu from a bird, the mortality rates are pretty burly as this version of the virus attaches to the α2:3 receptor. While this receptor is found throughout the avian digestive and respiratory track, it’s only found in the lower lungs of humans. A lower lung infection will always be gnarlier than an upper respiratory infection. Human influenza viruses have a preference for the α2:6 receptor, which is found throughout our airway. This is the primary adaptation which occurs when influenza mutates to infect humans. But a virus is a parasite, so in their ideal world, they wouldn’t kill their host. Viruses often do the most damage when adapting to or having recently adapted to a new host. Hopefully, the mutation rate of influenza will result in a shorter pandemic compared to COVID if it ends up taking place.
He’s truly phenomenal, basically the Harry Mack of spinning. Their set together is unreal!
Marc Rebillet and Thundercat had sets too, plus Hamilton Morris was going to give a lecture. The line up was pretty stacked overall and early bird tickets were $250, which isn’t unreasonable for a 3 day festival.
I’ve spent a good amount of time studying various DNA processes and never once made a connection between i-motifs and clippy. Great catch! lol
The thing is, our cells create these “knots” to make room for enzymes to access our DNA. They’re quite common as it’s required for DNA transcription + replication, chromosome segregation in cell division, telomere maintenance, and to alter gene expression. Not sure how I overlooked what happens if they form more often than intended. Wild to learn it can lead to cancer, neurodegeneration, and heart disorders! Guess I missed two massive aspects when studying all this, the imapct of DNA forming i-motifs too often, and the resemblance to clippy hahaha.
Yep! Insects can use their legs, mouthparts, as well as other specialized structures for grooming. In addition, some beetles actually use water to wash off dirt and contaminants. Other insects make and secret substances for cleaning. A common example of this is ants using formic acid as a disinfectant. Then, similar to monkeys, bugs like bees and ants conduct social grooming. This helps with the colonies overall health.
I just use radindiemedia.com as my source for these news feeds. It’s curated by an activist who also mixes in some of his work as well as a few other news sources. But those sites make up the vast majority of the links.
Sounds like you’re looking for independent journalism, I’m in the same boat. I’ve found checking commondreams.org, scheerpost.com, therealnews.com, unicornriot.ninja, fair.org, thecanary.co, leftvoice.org, consortiumnews.com, labornotes.org, and popularresistance.org/news make for a great news feed. Those are an array of independent news outlets which keep it almost entirely just news. Setting up an RSS feed with these sites would be a solid move to ensure your getting news with none of the BS.
Kind of, however, a nut contains sperm cells which are gametes. Only reproductive cells are gametes, as they need half the total DNA of all our other cells. This is what allows an eggs and sprem to make a new human. The coolest aspect here is how genetic variation is ensured during this process. But nonetheless, that mitochondrial DNA getting splattered all over your brain is from somatic cells. So it has twice the amount of DNA in it than a nut lol.
Naw, that’s just the fact mitochondria are the reason life is as we know it. It’s pretty much the cousin of chloroplast too!
But mitochondria actually forfeited a majority of its genome to the host organism when it became the powerhouse of the cell. This is how we influence it’s processes and output. It did retain enough of it’s genome to be able to synthesize the required proteins for the job, but all in all, the host is in control of the mitochondria.
Fossify’s Messenger is awesome, it handles SMS/MMS plus it’s ad free and open-source.
Basically couldn’t have come any later really. They’re already coming out the gates scrabbling with just 3 months and change until voting starts.
Exactly, more than half of registered voters are over 50. So polling 50+ year olds would definitely be better data.
Android user? Graphene looks like it’s worth the setup process more and more. Pixels are the only Google product worth while thanks to Graphene really.
Just like the link in the iOS section, there’s a link in the Android section. Both were in the first sentence, I believe. But I had to give the article another once over to find it.
I mean, the doc’s are available through the link. But here’s some screen grabs:
AFU: After First Unlock
BFU: Before First Unlock
BF: Brute Force
FBE: File Based Encryption
FDE: Full Device Encryption
FFS: Full File System
They were arrested for a violent protest that resulted in setting fire to a construction site which was building temporary housing for asylum seekers. Seems pretty straight forward they were protesting the state helping those seeking asylum, no?
Here’s an archived link: https://archive.ph/YpwQT